U bosanskoj mitologiji spominju se mistična bića opisivana kao pola žena-pola ptica koja imaju zlatna krila. Nazivaju se utve zlatnih krila i one prema mitološkoj klasifikaciji pripadaju u bića pozitivnog djelovanja koja pomažu pojedincima u lovu ili drugim aktivnostima, cijelim naseljima pa čak i cijelom narodu. Prema vjerovanju utve su besmrtne i od postanka ima ih uvijek jedan te isti broj, koji je ostao nepoznat, što dovodi do zaključka da nemaju sposobnost reprodukcije.
Narod ih opisuje kao prelijepe djevojke sa bujnim grudima a od stomaka na dolje one imaju ptičije noge i perje. Krase ih zlatna krila velikog raspona i dok lete nebom raspršuju svjetlost u velikom krugu. Zbog legende o kralju koji je pokorio Indiju narod u nekim krajevima Bosne misli da utve imaju ptičiju glavu i poprsje a noge i stražnjicu kao u žene. Prema legendi utve su pobjegle iz Indije u Bosnu nakon što je jedan veliki i moćni kralj sa svojom vojskom upao u Indiju , u tu „prokletu zemlju“, i tamo zatekao bića sa glavom pijetla i ljudskim tijelom koja su mu mjesecima pružala otpor i ratovala protiv njega sve dok ih on nije pobjedio.
No kako narod često utve i vile dovodi u direktnu ili indirektnu vezu sasvim je jasno da je njihov izgled ipak bio ženstven i lijep, to jest da su imale žensku glavu i grudi a noge ptice. U prilog toj tezi ide i izostanak bilo kakvog podatka da su utve rodile ijedno dijete ili bile u ljubavnom odnosu sa nekim čovjekom.
O utvama narod pripovijeda da su poput vila pobjegle u planine i zabita mjesta otkad su se pojavili top i puška jer nisu mogle podnijeti zvukove oružja koje donosi samo zlo i smrt.
Analizirajući predaju o utvama dolazimo do zaključka da se prije svega radi o antičkom mitu koji najvjerovatnije potječe iz Perzije i temelji se na vjerovanju u Amenta Spentas, pretečama anđela monoteizma. Amenta Spentas su sedam besmrtnih krilatih stvorenja čija je svrha da održavaju harmoniju u prirodi i među ljudima, šireći pravdu i istinu. Vjerovanje u njih preuzeli su židovi, kršćani i na kraju muslimani nazivajući ih arhanđelima.
Ali još su za mene autentičnija narodna maštanja…
Uzvišena i upravo nenatkriljiva poezija našeg divnog i junačkog naroda, kao što i drugi njegovi umotvori, često put su isprepleteni, čisto – da reknemo- obiluju kojekakim mitološkim pojavama, koje nas još uvijek sjećaju: bilo na drevno praslavjensko poganstvo, bilo pak na poganstvo drugijeh starijeh naroda, s kojim stari Slovjeni ili u zajednici još, ili u bud kakvom doticaju življahu, podnašajući zajedno s njima svoju sudbinu.
Samo se po sebi dakako razumije, da su takve uspomene, odnosno ostanci, danas pod uticajem kršćanstva i drugijeh kulturnijeh pošljedica sasma predrugojačene i u drugo ruho zaodjevene. Ali ipak, kad se malko s njih podigne ta neprozirna koprena, koja ih obavija i zaklanja, opazićemo već s prvog pogleda, samo, ako pazimo, te veličajne mitičke ostanke prastarog poganstava
Među takove ostanke valja u prvom gotovo redu računati u narodnim pjesmama toliko spominjane i u onijem velopojnim stihovima opjevane „utve zlatokrile.“
Na prvi mah čovjek bi mislio, da to zbilja ništa drugo nije, nego neka species plivačica, koja se još i sada u narodu tijem imenom naziva, samo dakako s tom razlikom što ju je živa i bujna narodna uobrazilja onijem stereotipnijem izrazom „zlatokrila“ okitila i naresila. A u zbilji, vidite, baš nije tako. Za to mislim, da ne samo što je umjesno i opravdano progovoriti koju o ovome, nego da će još i štovane čitatelje zainteresovati ovaj kratki opis, koji se tiče ovog prijedmeta i koji je jedino na tradiciji samoga naroda proučen i ovdje opisan.
Po narodnom pričanju „utve zlatokrile“, ako i nijesu baš kakva božanstva prvoga reda, a ono svakako jesu neka vrsta dobrijeh demona. U najprvotnijem značenju ove riječi to su bile prave zaštitnice, kako pojedinijeh individua, tako i cijele neke mase pojedinog naroda. Svoje miljenike one su pomagale ne samo u lovu, nego i u svakoj zgodi i nezgodi.
Opisuju ih dvojako. Čuo sam, gdje se kaže, da su to prekrasne djevojke, kojim je u istinu gornji dio tijela najljepše djevojačke spodobe, dok im je donji dio ptičije slike i prilike. Po tijelu su ozgor pokrivene prekrasnim krilima, koja odsijevaju poput žarkog sunca, tako, da svjetlost od njih dopire čak i u sedmo nebo. Njih je Bog stalan broj stvorio, upravo kao i vila. Više ih ne može biti, pa da živu milijon godina, a manje može, jer u današnje vrijeme, kao i vile, dok je puška na svijet došla, sve većma i većma izumiru, da je malo koju rijetko danas i vidjeti, kamo li s njome drugovati.
I drugo pripovjedanje donekle se spomonutijem slaže, samo što se drugo razlikuje u toliko, jer veli, da nije gornji dio ljudski, nego donji, a da je gornji s ptičijom glavom i poprsijem. Bar ja mislim, da je ovo drugo pripovijedanje i autentičnije i korektnije, uzmemo li obzir na najstarije narodno vjerovanje u pogledu ove stvari. Još i sada ima priča u narodu, koja pripovijeda, kako je neki silni i mogući kralj zauzeo i na juriš osvojio Indiju, tu „zemlju prokletu“, i kako je tamo našao ljudi s pijevčevom glavom a ljudskim trupom, koji su mu dosta zora i muzke zadali, dok ih je nadhrvao i nadvladao. To i tako narod o tijem „utvama zlatokrilima.“
Po narodnom maštanju pribilježio Ivan Zovko (Glasnik Zemljaskog Muzeja 1891 kniga 3),
I naravno pjesnici su čudjenje u svijetu, njihov jezik govori ono što njihove oči vide :
Ali-beg se u jezero sprema
Ali-beg se u jezero sprema
Da ustrili utvu zlatni’ krila.
Nešto mu se iz jezera javlja:
– Ne striljaj se, beže, Ali-beže,
Nisam utva da ti mene striljaš,
Već djevojka za kakvog junaka.
Utekla sam od zla materina,
Od matere kano od maćehe,
A od oca kano od očuha,
Oni mene za staroga daju.
Neću stara, pa se ne udala.
Volim s mladim po gori hoditi,
Travu pasti, s lista vodu piti,
Neg’ sa starim u šiljti sjediti,
Šećer jesti, dukate nizati.
Daj nesanicu grane s koje slete
Zvučno u dane poslednje i tužne
Zlatokrila koje ne mogu da se sete
Crne šume iza glavobolje ružne.
U tvrdu zemlju da l odlete šuplja
Od neba, prazna kao sve što traje?
Vatra koja te vidi biće skuplja
Od zlata koje sebe ne poznaje.
Osta samo ime: dosta da se rodi
Pesma u letu sjaj daleke zore.
Sanjam te dok pevaš u skamenjenoj vodi
Morem bez molitve pro neprelet gore,
Odlete tragom izdajničke sreće,
Od bleska srca rukom sklanjam lice.
Ne kuni vodu izgoreti neće,
Udahnuo te kamen krilatice.
Groznice nežne poremećenog cveta
Slutiš. Gle, bilju klanjaš se opet.
Tragom pjanog juga i iščezlog leta
Požuri, opevaj pre praznika svet.
Ponovi an zbog nezahvalnog tela
Što suncu uzvraća senkom i pesmu kvari.
Vrati čoveku usamljenom pticu:
Pod praznim nebom plaču sokolari.
Dozovi utve s gora u predanje.
Sastavi čula pesmom da ne venu
U noći tela. Nek bude sve manje
Vidljivog da ostvariš uspomenu.
Prazniš mi koleno i uzimaš srce
Žuri, krug opevaj, nesreću prevari
Smederevo otvori, ptici se dodvori
Pod praznim nebom plaču sokolari.
Utva zlatokrila, Desimir Blagojević
Da l zora budi jabuku, bezdan il oganj strašni?
Da l prvo jutro trubi ponorom jeze od noći i snova,
ili mirta zelenu njiše granu, kikoće sunčani zmaj raskalašni,
il svetoga se plamena ruj toči dolinom ptica i zverova?
Ne znamo ni kud nas nosi, ni kud nas zove jek sunčeve trube;
ne snismo ni šta je, ni šta biva na međi ljubavi i bola;
i ne slutismo zašto se pod krovom celog jutra ptica i sen grle i ljube,
ni da li je misao skrušena, carska il hola.
Svud su svetovi oko mene, svud se smeši čovek s verigama snage i boka;
svud su reke oko nas, svud pevaju kako je noć na vrancu odjahala;
svuda su, nevesela i užarena, dva prisna, dva topla ljudska oka;
svud su beli leprši jutra, svud sveci i deca iz svih nebesa i mahala.
O bliska i nerazdeljiva tugo u domu, u devojke il prosjaka,
o smerni bole, ti se izlivaš u torzo, medenu krunu jada!
Nema nam, nema dobrih sejača i dobre setve, a tvrda je šaka,
i sve je, sve tugom zasuto, sve između polja i grada.
Ne slušaj više tu teskobu mira, taj teret buđenja i sinje sete.
Ogrni kolastu azdiju i rastoči mrak, zvezdanu plevu i obruč samoća.
Nek ušetaju ti u dom zveri i ptice, krila, krila što lete!
Nek zašumori na trpezi časnoj sve što je od sjaja, vina i voća!
Ne daj da te mir skoli, samoće pređa il nevesela samovanja;
nek prsne prsten što se oko nas plamen, zao spleo;
nasloni srce na pozdrav, psovku, zvono, jutro što odzvanja;
na tugu, suze il krik, nasloni srce i uvo na svet ceo.
I u svadji Jakšića utva se pojavi i sokolu krilo slomi …
| Dijoba Jakšića |
|
Mjesec kara zvijezdu Danicu: “Đe si bila, zvijezdo Danice? |
Želim da skrenem pažnju da smo postojali i prije nego sto smo postali srbi, muslimani, hrvati, bošnjaci i ostali. Bili smo jedan moćan narod sa svojim jezikom, znanjem, duhovnim školama, spomenicima i sjećanjima za koje nas ubjeđuju da su nešto drugo …
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